Selective receiver



Sept-2, 1958 R. w. HART SELECTIVE RECEIVER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 2, 1953 ATOR/VEYS Sept. 2, 1958 R. w. HART 2,850,525

' SELECTIVE RECEIVER Filed oct. 2, 195s 2 sheets-sheet 2 22 J L 2e FROM To 4 AND 9 MIXER 7 O FROM PowER SUPPLY /NvE/vran ROBERT W. HART @y gg 1 ATTURNEYS- United States The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

The present invention relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to selective receivers for use in such systems.

In copending application, Serial No. 224,633, led May 4, 1951, now U. S. Patent No. 2,713,118, granted July 12, 1955, in the name of Robert W. Hart, there is disclosed a receiver utilizing a combination of relatively wide band amplifiers, mixing circuits and frequency multipliers, that possesses a degree of signal selectivity superior to that heretofore obtainable with conventional receivers depending upon sharply tuned circuits. Narrow band operation of 150 cycles is successfully achieved in this system, with I. F. stages having conventional pass band limits of i400 cycles, by subjecting the signals appearing in the output circuit of a rst I. F. amplifier to a second heterodyne action, thereby reducing the frequencies of these signals while maintaining their absolute band spread, and thereafter, successively multiplying the frequencies of these signals until they again occupy a signal band re-centered about the mid-band frequency of the I. F. amplifier. As a result of this sequence of operations, the band spread of the signals passed by the rst I. F. amplifier is considerably expanded so'that a majority of the interfering signals initially appearing in the I. F. ampliiiers output, because of its relatively broad band characteristic, are now sufficiently displaced from the mid-band frequency so that a second I. F. ampliiier, tuned to the same mid-band frequency and designed with the same pass band, can effectively discrirninate against these same signals.

Because of the improved selectivity of this receiving arrangement, it is necessary that both the frequency of the tracking oscillator, which produces the original I. F. signals, and the frequency of the heterodyne oscillator, which reduces these signals to a lower part of the frequency spectrum, he maintained as nearly constant as possible, Any drift in either of these oscillators is subsequently exaggerated by the successive frequency multipliers, so that Vthe final signals may possibly be returned to a portion of the frequency spectrum completely outside of the pass band limits of the second I. F. amplifier.

The most critical portion of this system is the circuit from the first mixer up to the frequency multipliers. If the signalinput to these multipliers is stable, the selectivity of the receiver as a whole may be made as high as necessary. No great diculty is encountered in achieving the necessary frequency stability in the case of the heterodyne oscillator, since this oscillator is assigned a constant frequency and, therefore, may be designed to take advantage of the stability offered by crystal controlled circuits. The tracking oscillator, however, which is responsible for the initial production of the I. F. signals, must, in all applications except those in which the receiver is to receive fixed frequencies, be capable of genertent 2,850,625 Patented Sept. 2, 1958 ating a band of frequencies in order to track with the tuning of the R. F. amplifier. Therefore, this oscillator must be of the L. C. type and subject, as a consequence, to the inherent variations in frequency found in such a design. To minimize such variations as may result from the use of such an oscillator, the above-mentioned copending application suggests that both the crystal and the L. C. oscillators be located in a common enclosure and that temperature control equipment be associated therewith, so that, when and if the frequencies of these oscillators change, their variations will be proportional and neutralize each other by virtue of the successive heterodyne actions.

The present invention is directed to an improvement in this system whereby the frequency stability of the receiver is further improved by means of additional compensating and restoring circuits.

It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide a receiver of the heterodyne type in which tendencies toward slight frequency variations originating in the tracking oscillator are prevented from influencing the frequency of the I. F. signals.

A secondary object of the invention is to provide a highly selective receiver in which the frequency stability of the tracking oscillator is improved.

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of designing a tracking oscillator capable of demonstrating a frequency stability commensurate to that previously obtainable only with crystal oscillators.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a heterodyne receiver in which frequency variations in the operation of the heterodyne oscillator are minimized.

Briefly, and in general terms, the foregoing objects are achieved according to the present invention by utilizing as the second heterodyne signal in the receiving arrangement of the above application a signal obtained by mixing the output of a master crystal oscillator with a monitor L. C. oscillator, the latter being designed with the same circuit as that employed in the tracking L. C. oscillator but tuned initially to a predetermined frequency slightly removed from the band of frequencies through which the latter oscillator works.

By design, both L. C. oscillators are adapted to be influenced to the same degree by temperature and power supply variations. These variations are held to a minimum by disposing both oscillators in temperature controlled enclosures and by employing regulated voltage power supplies. Thus, if the tracking oscillator increases in frequency by one hundred cycles, for example, the accompanying one hundred-cycle increase in the monitor oscillator substantially compensates for this variation in the second mixing circuit of the receiver so that the input signal frequency to the multipliers remains constant. While this arrangement contributes to increased lfrequency stabilization as far as the signal from the output of the secondmixer is concerned, which signal is fed to the multipliers and the second intermediate frequency amplifier, it does not give the high signal selectivity sought nor permit the receiver to be preset with a high degree of precision, since both of these factors require high stability of the tracking oscillators frequency.

To achieve high stability in the frequency of the tracking osciilator, this oscillator and the L. C. monitor oscillator are designed so that their frequencies vary to the same degree in response to the application of a cornpensating voltage to the regulated power supply providing their operating potentials. This compensating voltage, which is variable in magnitude and proportional to the frequency deviation of the L. C. monitor oscillator from the master crystal oscillator, is derived from a circuit tuned to a frequency slightly above that of the second heterodyne signal, produced by the interaction of Vcompanion crystal oscillator.

'trol' voltagebeing appliedfto'the compensating circuit, AVwhereasia decrease in the vfrequency.ofthe slgnal results Vin Van oppositelelfect. It will thus be seen lthat the above .compensating feature functions to giv'etheL. C. monitor oscillator a frequency stability equivalent to that of its Furthermore, since the tracking `oscillator is designed to :be'inliuenced by .power supply voltages `exactly :as the L. C. monitor oscillator, .the `formeroscillato'r will contain an adjustable frequency compo-nent having a' degree of 'stability equivalent to that Vof a .crystal oscillator, insofar as temperature and power supply voltage are concerned. Y

To'facilitate the following explanationfof the operation of the invention, certain'frequencies have been assigned to the various amplifying and'oscillat'ing circuits. It is to he understood that these values are included by way of example only and the Vinvention is not to he limited in any respect by this selection of frequencies.V

Other objects and many of theattendant advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated as the'same bey comes better understood by reference to the following Y detailed description when considered in connection wlth the accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a block diagram'of a .preferred embodiment of the invention; and

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the Voltage regulator and frequency compensator circuits utilized in the system of Fig. 1. Y

Referring now to Fig. 1, radio frequency amplifier 2 is tuned to receive signals in the 3,000 to 4,000 kc. range arriving .at antenna 1. Tracking oscillator.4 is of the L. C. type and designed to provide extremelystable oscillations in the 3464 kc. to 4464 kc. band. The tuning of this oscillator is trackedY with that of the R. F. amplifier and the outputs of both are applied to a rst mixer 3, from which Va resultant difference signal of 464 kc. is derived and applied in turn to a first i. F. amplifier 5. This amplifier is of conventional design vand tuned to a peak at 464 kc., with its pass-band defined by 464 kc.`

114 kc'. The output of this rst I. F. amplifier is coupled Vto a second mixer 6 in which the I. F. signals are further heterodyned with a locally generated signal obtained` from mixer 7. 'The function of mixer 7 is essentially the same as that of the second crystal-controlledoscillator 1n applicants copending application, Serial No. 224,633,Y Y namely, to provide a second heterodyne signal for reducing the frequency of the I. F. signals to a lower part of the frequency spectrum without disturbing their absolute band spread. The input to mixer `7 is composed of a highly stable frequency signal'of 4l22Akc.V originat-4 ing at master crystal oscillator 8 and the output of a second L. C. oscillator l9 tuned to a frequency of 4528 kc., a value slightly `outside the frequency range assignedV Y to tracking oscillator 4. Normally, therefore, the signalV fed to the second mixer 6 is 406 kc. and thereaction of this signal with the 464 kc. I. F. signal produces a 58 i kc. signal at the input terminals of frequency multiplier 10. TheV mid-band I. F. signal is thus reduced in fre-Y quency by a factor of eight, which reduction corresponds to that obtained in the above-mentioned copending application. It will be appreciated, however, that the frequency to which the monitor oscillator is initially preset may correspond to the mid-band frequency of the tracking oscillator, provided suitable shielding is employed at the receiver to prevent the production of image signals from the reaction of the monitor with Vthe incoming received signals.

To insure the stability of this 58 kc. signal, a requirement that must be satisfied because of the subsequentrfrequency rnilltiplications,V L. C. oscillators 4 and 9 are disposed within a common enclosure that has its temperature adequately controlled Iby an;- well-known regulating equipment. These `oscillators are furnished with operating potentials from a common regulated voltage supply, and since they are both designed with the same circuit and operate in approximately the same frequency range, within prescribed limits, both oscillators will experience similar simultaneous changes in Vfrequency whenever external or internal conditions disturb them. Consequently, if the frequency of the tracking oscillator 4 changes and increases, for example, to 3464.1 kc., the same one hundredcyclechange will be reected in the'output of oscillator 9. The I. F. signal from amplifier 5 increases to 464.1 kc.,

while the output signal from mixer 7 assumes a value of 406.1 kc. These frequency variations consequently Vneutralize each other in the second mixer 6 and a constant 58 kc. signal appears in the output of second mixer 6. Hence, the subsequent frequency multiplicationswill invariably re-cienterA the signals about the mid-band freinput circuit of compensator `control ltubeV 21.

Vgrid-cathoderV circuit of 'the latter tube Vis a bias battery quency yof the VI. F. fampliiien To Vaccomplish this last result, three frequency doubling circuits may be cascaded to provide a multiplying factor of eight.

yBesides compensating for'slight frequency variations in the operation of the tracking oscillator, the present invention incorporates an element of automatic frequency control whereby the frequency of this ,oscillator is restored to its correct kvalue in the event/ofV any departure. This control is obtained yby compensating the regulated voltage supplying the plate circuits of oscillators 4 and 9 in such a manner that deviationspof the flatter oscillator from its normal yoperating frequency of 4528 kc. will be accompanied by va change in the plate voltage of this oscillator chosen in magnitude and direction to bring the frequency of this oscillator back to the above value. The same type of compensation utilized in conjunction with the operation of oscillator 9 is also introduced into the plate circuit of the first heterodyne oscillator 4, inasmuch as this oscillator experiences the same type of frequency departure.

The complete circuit of voltage regulator 18 and voltage compensator 17 is `shown in Fig.V 2. In this ligure a portion of the output from the 406 kc. mixer 7 is fed viaY transformer action lto'preselector 19. This preselector 1s crrtlcally turned to a frequency lin the order of 406 kc. and lts output is fed via an adjustable coupler 20 to the In the 23 and a tuned circuit 26, made upk Yof thel parallel combination of an inductor and capacitor. AThe tuningpof circuit 26 is adjusted so lthat normal variations in the frequency of the 406 kc. signal, :brought about by the frequency drift of the L. C. oscillator 9, fall Within the sub-` stantially linear portion of the resonance curve `27 lof the tuned circuit. Thus, if L. C oscillator 9 departs from its preset frequency of 4528 kc. and, for example,V decreases in value, the accompanying vdecrease/in Vthe frequency of the beat signal from mixer Y'Tresults in a 'decreased voltage across tuned network 26Y and an increase in the voltage Vacross terminals 28. Since this voltage provides the operating plate potential for L. CQ oscillators 9 and 4, and since both of these oscillators are Ydesigned so that increases in plate voltage results in equal increases in frequency of oscillation, these oscillators are raised in frequency to correct for the assumed v`frequency departure. lIn a like manner, ifLirC. oscillator 9 increases in frequency, the compensated voltage takenffrm terminals`-28 possesses less magnitude andthe frequencies of the above two L. C. oscillators are lowered to their properl The operating potential fo'rpentoV ell and crystal oscil-T lator 8 is obtainedV fromv a highlyrregula'ted voltage supplyA kgenerally identified by reference character 18. This Ypor` tion of the system is of conventional design. As is well known in the art, such a voltage regulator is comprised of a variable impedance trio/.ie 24 in the positive supply conductor and an amplifying tube effectively connected across the load resistor 30 with its grid bias determined by the voltage drop across a portion of this resistor and its plate directly co-nnected to the grid of the series tube.

The above automatic frequency control technique, it would be pointed out, may be utilized in any frequency control system to provide a variable frequency oscillator with a frequency stability comparable to that of a crystal controlled oscillator. The only requirements to be satised, as noted above, are that both oscillators, the variable L. C. oscillator and the iixed L. C. oscillator, elements 4 and 9, respectively, in the present system, possess similar frequency-versus-temperature and frequencyversus-operating potential characteristics, that both oscillators be tuned to substantially the same portion of the frequency spectrum, and that both be disposed within temperature regulated enclosures. If these conditions `are satisfied, then both oscillators will behave as crystal controlled oscillators Within prescribed limits. If it is desired, the fixed L. C. oscillator may be initially preset to a frequency value corresponding to the mid-band frequency of the tracking or variable oscillator. With such a setting, the compensation is somewhat simplified since the effects of nonlinearity of the frequency-versus-operating potential characteristic are minimized.

Although the remainder of the receiving circuit shown in Fig. l corresponds in all essential details to that disclosed in copending application, Serial No. 224,633, a brief review of the operation of this portion of the receiver will now be given. After the frequency multiplication in the three cascaded frequency doubling circuits, the signals are fed to a second I. F. amplifier 11 whose band-pass characteristic is similar to that of the first l. F. amplifier 5. Thus, an unwanted signal which passed through the I. F. amplier 5 of, for example, 464.1 kc. is beat back to 58.1 kc. by the second heterodyne action in mixer 6 and then multiplied to 116.2 kc., 232.4 kc. and 464.8 kc. Consequently, the unwanted signal which originally was .l kc. off the mid-band I. F. frequency as it passed through the first I. F. amplifier 5 is now .8 kc. off the same frequency and, therefore, cannot pass through the second I. F. amplifier 11.

To eliminate spurious injection from the various oscillators, it is desirable to double the frequency of the output signal from the second I. F. amplifier to 928 kc. This permits utilization of a beat frequency oscillator 14 of 928.8 kc., a frequency which is outside of the range of all the tuned circuits in the receiver. After the final heterodyning action in mixer 13, the intelligence signals, which are now of audio frequency, are fed to yamplifiers 15 and 16 and then to the desired utilization apparatus.

Obviously, many modications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that Within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specically described.

What is claimed is:

1. In a radio receiver of the heterodyne type the cornbination of an L. C. tracking oscillator capable of generating a predetermined band of frequencies, said oscillator being subject to a certain amount of frequency instability because of the nature of its frequency determining components, means for heterodyning received radio frequency signals with the output of said oscillator whereby first intermediate frequency signals are produced, a second L. C. oscillator, said second oscillator being designed with the same circuit as said L. C. tracking oscillator and subject also to a certain amount of frequency instability because of the nature of its frequency determining components, said second oscillator being iixedly tuned to a predetermined frequency slightly outside the frequency band generated by said iirst oscillator, a crystal controlled oscillator, means for heterodyning the output of said crystal controlled oscillator with the output of said second oscillator thereby to develop a control' signal Whose frequency corresponds to the diiference frequency of said second oscillator and said crystal controlled oscillator, means for subjecting said intermediate frequency signals to a further heterodyne action with said control signal whereby second intermediate frequency signals are produced, means for developing an error signal whose amplitude is dependent upon the amount by which the frequency of said control signal departs from a predetermined value, and means for applying said error signal to said tracking and second L. C. oscillators, thereby to change their frequencies by the same amount and in the same direction and thus compensate for any frequency instability in the oscillators.

2. In a radio receiver of the heterodyne type the combination of an L. C` tracking oscillator capable of generating a predetermined band of frequencies, said oscillator being subject to a certain amount of frequency instability because of the nature of its frequency determining components, means for heterodyning received radio frequency signals with the output of said oscillator whereby first intermediate frequency signals are produced, a second L. C. oscillator, said second oscillator being designed with the same circuit as said L. C. tracking oscillator and subject also to a certain amount of frequency instability because of the nature of its frequency determining component, said second oscillator being iixedly tuned to the mid-band frequency of said frequency ban generated by said first oscillator, a crystal controlled oscillator, means for heterodyning the output of said crystal controlled oscillator with the output of said second oscillator thereby to develop a control signal whose frequency corresponds to the difference frequency of said second oscillator and said crystal controlled oscillator, means for subjecting said intermediate frequency signals to a further heterodyne action with said control signal whereby second intermediate frequency signals are produced, means for developing an error voltage whose amplitude varies as the frequency of said control signal varies from a predetermined fixed frequency, and means for applying said error voltageA to said first and second L. C. oscillators, thereby to restore their frequencies to their proper values in the event of any drifting caused by their inherent frequency instability.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,850,580 Coram Mar. 22, 1932 1,950,535 Young Mar. 13, 1934 2,032,675 Waller Mar. 3, 1936 2,058,411 Carlson Oct. 27, 1936 2,082,767 Koch June 1, 1937 2,099,156 Wheeler Nov. 16, 1937 2,166,274 Whitelock July 18, 1939 2,245,385 Carlson June 10, 1941 2,282,974 Koch May 12, 1942 2,306,687 Cox Dec. 29, 1942 2,312,374 Unger Mar. 2, 1943 2,501,591 Bach Mar. 21, 1950 2,509,963 Collins May 30, 1950 

